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| Celesta | Invented by Auguste Mustel of Paris. Range of 4 octaves from c' to c''''. |
| Cornet | Has valves. 1815. Tchaikovsky wrote for the instrument in Swan Lake. Mahler - Das Klagende Lied.Used by Stravinsky in Petrushka as a solo in the Tableau 3. Then replaced in the revised version of 1949 by a trumpet. |
| Glockenspiel | A German military band instrument. Range of 4 and a half octaves from g' to c''''. Used in Handel's Saul, Mozart Magic Flute, Wagner Meistersinger and Tschaikovsky Nutcracker. |
| Oboe d'amore | A minor third below the oboe. First used by Teleman in 1722 and Bach in 1723. |
| Tubaphone | c'' - c'''' . Similar to a Glockenspiel. Instead of metal bars steel tubes are used. Khachaturian wrote for the tubaphone in his ballet Gayaneh 1943. Havergal Brian used the Tubaphone in the Tigers 1916 - 1929. |
| Vibraphone | f - f'''. Created in America c. 1920. Used by Milhaud in L'Annonce faite a Marie 1933, Berg in Lulu 1937. Havergal Brian used the Vibraphone in the Tigers 1916 - 1929. Its first use in an opera? |
| Xylophone | Orgins as diverse as Africa and East Asia. Javanese 14th century carving shows xylophone. Used by Saint-Saens in Danse Macabre 1874. |